A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, full name Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, was an Indian scientist, politician, and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, Kalam started his career as a scientist at the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He played a key role in the development of India's first satellite launch vehicle and ballistic missile program.

Kalam was known as the "Missile Man of India" for his contributions to India's civilian space program and military missile development. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1981, the Padma Vibhushan in 1990, and the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 1997. In 2002, Kalam was elected as the President of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan.

As President, Kalam was known for his efforts to promote education and innovation, especially among India's youth. He initiated several programs and campaigns aimed at improving the quality of education and encouraging young people to pursue careers in science and technology.

Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. He was widely mourned by the people of India and is remembered as a great leader, scientist, and visionary.